Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD) is a common condition, often misdiagnosed, usually seen unilaterally.

Xanthelasma is a condition characterized by yellow patches of skin on or around the eyelids.

Dry eyes can be broken down into 2 main causes; aqueous deficient and evaporative.

Corneal ectasia refers to the progressive thinning and subsequent bulging outwards of a specific part of the cornea.

Corneal dystrophies represent a collection of disorders that are categorized by the layer of the cornea they affect.

This syndrome is characterized by the loss of upper eyelid muscles to the point where they can spontaneously flip upwards.

Dacryocystitis occurs when the nasolacrimal duct or sac in the nose becomes infected or inflamed.

Conjunctivochalasis and dermatochalasis refer to the development of excess tissue.

Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as “pink eye”, represents inflammation of the conjunctiva usually caused by an infection.

Anterior uveitis, or iritis, refers to a condition where inflammation is localized to the back of the iris (uveal layer).

Adie’s syndrome refers to a condition where the pathways of the parasympathetic nervous system get disrupted.

There are two 6th nerves otherwise known as abducens nerves. Loss of function of these nerves results in a 6th nerve palsy.

When the 4th nerve stops working, aka a 4th nerve palsy, the patient loses control of the superior oblique muscle.

When the 3rd nerve stops working, called a 3rd nerve palsy, investigations must be done to determine the cause.

Concretions are balls of keratinized skin cells and debris that solidify over time and become calcified, developing underneath the normal no

A chalazion is a Meibomian or Zeiss gland cyst filled with inflammatory cells and oily secretions.

Corneal arcus refers to a condition where a white circular band contouring the periphery of the cornea starts to form.

Blepharitis is defined as inflammation of the eyelids. It is a common cause of eye discomfort.

Cataracts refer to the fogging /clouding of the lens.

Dr Ben Wild The retina is located at the back surface of the inside of the eye. Its main function is to detect and transmit the sensation...